Vyvanse is one among the various medications presently prescribed to treat ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Belonging to the category of central nervous system stimulants, the medication works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Consequently, this brings about increased focus, attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity. Certain substances are controlled substances, mainly due to the potential for abuse and the classification of drugs as stimulants. Following subsections offer a detailed look at the drug, along with answers to the question – Does Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) show up on a drug test?.
Overview of Vyvanse
Known by its generic name lisdexamfetamine, it is typically taken orally as a capsule, and the contents are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, following which it is converted into its active form, dextroamphetamine, in the blood. The extended-release medication, offers a gradual, sustained release of the active ingredient, over a longer period of time compared to immediate-release stimulant medications. The prescription medication is available in various strengths, and dosing and intake schedule depend on the individual’s age, weight, severity of symptoms, and response to the medication.
Average dosage of Vyvanse
As mentioned above, the dosage is determined by the treating specialist. The following information is only intended as a reference and is not a substitute for medical advice. Available in strengths of 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, and 60 mg capsules, Vyvanse is taken once daily in the morning either with food or without food. The starting dosage for Vyvanse in children above 6 years and adults is typically 30 mg once daily. While the dosage may differ and be adjusted accordingly, the maximum recommended daily dose of Vyvanse for ADHD usually does not exceed 70 mg.
Mechanism of action of lisdexamfetamine
As a prodrug, Vyvanse is converted into its active form, dextroamphetamine, in the bloodstream. Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This enhancement occurs at the nerve terminals in the brain, and the drug also inhibits reuptake, resulting in increased concentrations of the neurotransmitters. This, in turn enhances the activity of certain regions of the brain responsible for attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity.
Vyvanse is also known to have effects on other neurotransmitters – serotonin and glutamate. The drug’s effects on neurotransmitters and brain function are complex and can vary depending on individual factors. This is one of the reasons for use under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional as per prescribed dosage and instructions.
Side effects of Vyvanse
Commonly reported side effects of Vyvanse may include the following:
- Decreased appetite – Vyvanse suppresses appetite, and this effect may be more common in the initial weeks of treatment.
- Insomnia: As a stimulant it can result in difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure: May impact individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions or hypertension.
- Gastrointestinal issues: Known to cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea in some individuals.
- Nervousness, anxiety, or irritability: Possibility of increased nervousness, anxiety, or irritability in some individuals exists, particularly at higher doses.
- Headache: Some individuals may experience headaches as a side effect of Vyvanse.
- Mood changes: May impact mood in some individuals, agitation, or changes in behavior.
- Decreased growth in children: Long-term use may stunt growth, but may to resolve upon discontinuation.
Drug interactions of Vyvanse
In addition to the above, there is also the possibility of drug interactions, as listed below:
- Use of Vyvanse with MAOIs or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOIs may expose the individual to risk of serious and potentially fatal interactions, including hypertensive crisis.
- Vyvanse can increase serotonin levels in the brain, and when combined with other medications that increase serotonin levels, may expose the patient to risk of serotonin syndrome. This includes drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or other serotonergic medications.
- The drug may increase heart rate and blood pressure, and it is important to ensure that it is not combined with medications such as beta-blockers or alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.
- Vyvanse is not to be combined with other stimulants or sympathomimetic drugs, including decongestants, appetite suppressants, and other medications used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- Medications that increase the acidity of the urine can decrease the excretion of Vyvanse and may result in increased levels of the active drug, exposing he patient to increased side effects.
- Medications that alter urinary pH, such as sodium bicarbonate, may also affect the elimination of Vyvanse.
- Antacids may decrease the absorption of Vyvanse, and it is generally recommended to avoid intake of both together.
Does Vyvanse show up on a drug test?
Yes, lisdexamfetamine can show up on certain types of drug tests. The drug is a Schedule II controlled substance as per the classification of the Drug Enforcement Administration due to its potential for abuse and diversion. It is often listed in drug screening panels that test for amphetamine or stimulant use.
Standard urine drug tests typically do not specifically test for lisdexamfetamine, but can detect amphetamines. Post ingestion, lisdexamfetamine is metabolized in the body to dextroamphetamine, the active ingredient. Dextroamphetamine can be detected in urine for up to 1-2 days after intake of Vyvanse, depending on various factors such as the dosage, frequency of use, individual metabolism, and the specific type of drug test being used.
Vyvanse when prescribed by a healthcare professional is not illicit use and is also not a violation of drug testing policies in legitimate medical settings.
is Vyvanse part of the banned substances on doping list
Vyvanse is listed as a banned substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the nodal agency that establishes the anti-doping rules and regulations followed by international sports organizations and events. Vyvanse is classified as a stimulant and is prohibited both in-competition and out-of-competition in sports governed by WADA rules. Athletes governed by WADA regulations, need to be aware that Vyvanse is considered a banned substance and may result in anti-doping rule violations if detected.