In the United States, approximately 1.2% of the population, or more than 3 million people, are living with epilepsy. Additionally, 18% of the population is experiencing neuropathic pain. Treatment for these conditions usually involves the anticonvulsant medication Gabapentin, which has many benefits. These include fewer adverse effects and a broad therapeutic range, making it a desirable option. Nevertheless, as with all medications, some negative effects may occur due to the way it works. Here, we will examine the side effects of Gabapentin and methods to reduce them.
Gabapentin
A Summary of Gabapentin and Its Potential Side Effects
This article provides an overview of the medication known as Gabapentin, as well as a discussion of any potential side effects that may come with its use.
Before discussing the side effects of taking Gabapentin, let us first look at the drug overview. This anticonvulsant medication is prescribed to treat postherpetic neuralgia, peripheral neuropathic pain, and diabetic neuropathy. It can either be used as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy along with other treatments. Its mechanism of action involves preventing particular excitatory neurotransmitters from being released, making it ideal for managing pathologic neurotransmission and conditions such as seizures and chronic pain. It is important to note that this medication should only be used to treat specific types of seizures and not ‘absence seizures’ or mixed seizures with ‘absence seizures’.
How Gabapentin Operates and Its Side Effects?
Gabapentin is a medication that has a particular method of working in the body, as well as some potential side effects that can occur.
Although the specific method of how Gabapentin works is uncertain, there are certain clues which can help to explain its anticonvulsant activity. It is known to halt the function of certain types of neurotransmitters which are categorized as excitatory. These neurotransmitters usually send a signal to the adjacent neuron which leads to a reaction. When Gabapentin suppresses these stimulatory neurotransmitters, it creates an anticonvulsant effect. Moreover, there is evidence that Gabapentin also has an effect on adenosine receptors; however, further studies are necessary to confirm this.
Possible Consequences of Taking Gabapentin: Potential Drug Interactions
As we begin to investigate the side effects of Gabapentin, we should also consider its potential drug interactions. It is important for those taking the medication to be aware that it may have adverse reactions with other prescription medicines or over-the-counter products, including dietary supplements. People taking the medication should be cautious when consuming large amounts of coffee, tea, or colas, as the caffeine in them may interact with the medication and cause issues. Additionally, individuals taking diuretics, such as ethacrynic acid, should consult with their doctor as certain adverse effects may be experienced.
Certain drugs such as losartan, which belongs to the angiotensin II receptor blocker category, prescribed to treat high blood pressure could come with side effects. Morphine and other opioid-based pain medications are also associated with undesirable effects. People who take mineral supplements containing magnesium oxide and other antacids should also be wary of potential side effects. Moreover, the drug might interact with another medication used to control seizures, such as phenytoin. Therefore, it is important to check the type of medications used as part of a combined/additional therapy.
The sedative effects of Gabapentin can be intensified when taken in conjunction with other drugs which have a similar effect on the body. A doctor should be consulted if this is the case, as the patient may have to choose between the two medications or alter the dosage of one of them. This is especially important for those taking drugs to treat severe conditions such as depression or anxiety, as well as antihistamines and muscle relaxants. Additionally, opioids, sleep-inducing medications, and flu/cold medications should all be discussed with a doctor before use.
Previous medical issues in people and adverse reactions to Gabapentin
Prior to beginning treatment with Gabapentin, individuals should be sure to disclose any pre-existing medical conditions to the treating specialist. This is particularly important for those undergoing dialysis, those with breathing problems, a history of drug/alcohol abuse, diabetes, heart issues, impaired renal functions, or liver disease. Additionally, if a patient with a seizure disorder is taking the drug for a condition other than seizures, they should be sure to inform their doctor. Finally, those with mental health or depression should also be aware that Gabapentin may cause side effects and consult a physician.
Women who are expecting a baby and those who are lactating their Children
Pregnant women and those breastfeeding should let their treating specialist know about their condition before taking Gabapentin. Women who have previously experienced seizures may be prescribed the medication as taking it during pregnancy can help avoid and control seizures. However, any commencement or discontinuation of the drug should be done under medical supervision, as its benefits and risks must be weighed. Nursing mothers should also consult a doctor as the drug is present in breast milk when the mother is taking it. The effects of the drug in milk and babies is still being researched, so it is important to get medical advice to prevent any side effects of Gabapentin.
Reactions reported by some taking Gabapentin
Now, let’s examine the side effects that are commonly associated with Gabapentin. A study was conducted in order to investigate the extent of the medication’s side effects. From the study, 10% of the participants reported feeling dizzy whilst a drowsy sensation was also observed. Other side effects include water retention, and some people reported difficulty in walking. The water retention was mostly observed in the arms, feet and legs, which caused swelling.
Gabapentin has several side effects, with some being more serious than others. Back and chest pain are the most commonly reported severe effects, while constipation and upset stomach are among those connected to long-term use. Furthermore, some effects, such as weight gain and increased appetite, tend to last long-term unless counteracted. Other severe effects may include blurred vision and sudden mood changes.
Patients taking Gabapentin may suffer from minor issues such as bruising, fatigue, coughing, fever, dry mouth, hoarseness, memory loss, cold- and flu-like symptoms, breathing difficulties, urinary issues, and uncontrollable eye-rolling.
Commonly reported side effects of Gabapentin in Children
It has been reported that Gabapentin can cause certain adverse reactions in children, although they are not common. These reactions can include a change in mood, depression, anxiety, or behavioural changes. Prolonged use of the medication can also have an effect on a child’s academic performance, diminishing their concentration and focus, and potentially leading to hyperactivity. Parents whose children are prescribed this medication are advised to speak to specialists to gain a better understanding of the potential side effects. In cases of serious behavioural or other issues, it is recommended to inform the relevant medical professional in order to take the necessary action.
Serious reactions associated with the use of Gabapentin
Medical attention or triage may be necessary in the event of certain Gabapentin side effects, particularly when severe reactions take place, such as life-threatening issues with breathing. Patients may experience difficulty breathing, intense dizziness, and strong allergic reactions which could prevent them from performing their usual duties, such as handling machinery or equipment that require focus. Fever that is not controlled by medication is another condition that must be taken seriously. Moreover, severe allergic reactions, hives, and rashes require medical treatment before the allergies become more serious.
Weakness, discoloration of the skin and eyes, as well as symptoms that resemble jaundice, are other potential side effects of Gabapentin. Therefore, if these visible indicators are seen, it is essential to get tests done and receive the applicable treatment to manage the issue. Additionally, one should be wary of any inflammation or puffiness in the face, such as the throat, lips and tongue, which could manifest itself as swelling.
Patients with preexisting conditions may have serious or adverse effects when taking Gabapentin. Women planning a pregnancy, breastfeeding mothers, individuals with type 2 diabetes, people with breathing difficulties, those with kidney or liver issues, and those on dialysis could be affected by side effects.
Safeguarding against adverse reactions to Gabapentin by adhering to the proper dosage and habits
The most efficient technique of dealing with adverse effects is to adhere to the proper habits and remain within the suggested dosage of Gabapentin. When doing so, it is important to be aware of the brand and strength of the medication. This is because various manufacturers often make products with different dosages. Additionally, Gabapentin has an effect on the kidneys and it is vital to consider the kidney health of the user. Other factors that decide the dosage are age, weight, and the patient’s overall health. Furthermore, the number of doses, the gap between them, and the duration of the treatment should also be taken into account. Depending on the condition, one might need to take the medicine with food, but not necessarily.
In order to correctly administer a dosage, it is essential to recognize if the formulation is meant to be taken only in the evening/night. It can be necessary to cut the tablets in half if the dosage is less. To do this safely, use a pill cutter and store the other half for the upcoming dose. Extended-release formulations should not be broken or chewed, but taken whole. It is important not to go beyond the prescribed amount, and to follow the medical practitioner’s instructions for the length of the treatment.
Experiencing an overdose or toxicity
Gabapentin has a broad range of therapeutic uses, which make it a safe option. However, taking too much of it can result in undesired reactions and side effects, similar to the ones mentioned earlier. An overdose can yield symptoms such as CNS depression, which can be manifested through dizziness, fainting, and slurred speech. Additionally, gastrointestinal issues can also arise. These can be accompanied by feelings of drowsiness and lack of energy.
Gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea and vomiting are common symptoms of overdose. Treatments for overdose can be either supportive or directed at the symptoms. Hemodialysis is sometimes employed to reduce the amount of the drug in a person’s system. This method of treatment also provides assistance to those with kidney-related issues. Additionally, it is important to consider the potential for multi-drug overdose in certain cases because of the risk of coma or death. While this is an uncommon outcome, it is still important to follow the appropriate protocols.
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Education: Master’s in Public Health (MPH) from the University of Michigan. Experience: Over 8 years of experience writing for health and wellness websites, including WebMD and Healthline, specializing in women’s health and nutrition.
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